Karelina was sentenced to imprisonment in a penal colony for high treason by the court in Yekaterinburg.
Prosecutors had sought a 15-year jail term.
Earlier this year, Razom (Together in Ukrainian) said it was “appalled” by the amateur ballerina’s arrest and firmly denied any involvement in raising funds for weapons or ammunition.
Karelina’s lawyer Mikhail Mushailov said her client believed the funds were intended to aid victims on both sides and that she plans to appeal the sentence.
Karelina gained US citizenship in 2021 after marrying an American and relocating to Los Angeles, where she worked at a spa.
She went on trial last month in the same court where The Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich had been prosecuted for espionage.
Mr Gershkovich was released earlier this month as part of a historic prisoner swap that involved 24 individuals between Russia, the US and several other nations.
Mr Mushailov said Karelina’s legal team is trying to secure her inclusion in a future prisoner swap.
Her partner, Chris van Heerden, 36, has said that he has faith that “America will bring her back” and has campaigned for her release.
Since Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, Vladimir Putin’s regime has cracked down on dissent.
More than 1,000 criminal cases have been initiated against anti-war activists, according to human right organisations.