“This situation causes immense pain to our entire family.”
In the filing, which has been seen by the BBC, Ms Altman alleged that the abuse, which took place over many years, included rape.
The lawsuit added the last instance of the alleged abuse took place when Mr Altman was an adult but she was still a minor.
The lawsuit requested a jury trial and damages in excess of $75,000 (£60,100).
Ms Altman has previously made similar allegations against her brother on social media platforms such as X.
Mr Altman is one of the technology world’s most high profile figures.
In late 2022, OpenAI launched the ChatGPT generative artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot.
Additional reporting by Lily Jamali
If you’ve been affected by the issues in this story, help and support is available via the BBC Action Line.