Rioting broke out on Thursday evening when other groups of people at the National Monument chanted pro-Palestinian slogans at the Israeli fans, Dutch media reported.
Footage later emerged of men being chased and dragged down cobblestone streets after the football match.
In one of the distressing videos, a man is motionless on the ground as other people repeatedly kick his body.
Another appears to show a car hitting a pedestrian.
While men are being beaten in a busy street, a man can be heard in one video shouting “that’s Gaza mother f–ker… now you know how it feels”.
Naftali Bennett, former Israeli Prime Minister, said on social media he was receiving “evidence of Israeli sports-tourists in Amsterdam being brutally attacked”.
“What I see seems to be life-threatening: innocent people being run-over, beaten, driven into a river and more,” Mr Bennett wrote.
“I call on the Dutch authorities to act immediately to prevent injuries and worse.”
Israeli media reported that victims were hiding in hotel rooms under guard after the “lynching” while the country’s embassy in the US claimed “hundreds” had been “ambushed and attacked” while walking back to their hotels from the stadium.
“The mob who targeted these innocent Israelis has proudly shared their violent acts on social media,” a post from the embassy read.