GWR passengers were advised not to attempt to travel after 6pm on Sunday, as services were expected to be severely disrupted.
The operator said “sickness and England reaching the final of the Euros [is] likely to reduce the number of colleagues available for overtime shifts”.
This led to disruption on routes between London Paddington and places like Bristol, Swindon and Cheltenham.
Publicly-owned Northern told passengers that some routes “in and around the north-west [of England] may be subject to disruption and very short notice cancellations”.
The operator axed all services on a number of routes, such as between Manchester Victoria and Clitheroe, between Manchester Piccadilly and Stoke on Trent, and between Preston and Colne.
London Northwestern Railway said it expected to be hit by a “lack of available train crew at key locations across our network”.
There were similar issues on the day of England’s opening Euro 2024 match against Serbia on June 16, which was also a Sunday.
Louise Haigh, the Transport Secretary, said: “Fourteen years without a workforce strategy has left our railways understaffed, reliant on voluntary working and lurching from one crisis to the next.
“Our urgent priority is to reset workforce relations and put passengers first.”
‘Voluntary, not madatory’
A spokesman for Aslef, the drivers’ union, said: “Train drivers rostered to work turned up and worked. The train companies have problems persuading drivers to work overtime but overtime is voluntary, not mandatory.
“Some drivers, like many people, are on holiday, and some like to watch football. Although many, especially in Scotland and Wales, are not England fans.
“But the real trouble, and the truth, unpalatable though it might be, is that none of the privatised train companies employs enough drivers to deliver the services they promise passengers, and the Government, they will run.
“That is why the failed privatisation of Britain’s railways is about to hit the buffers in the King’s Speech this week when it will be announced that our railways are coming back into public ownership to be run, properly, as a public service, not for private profit.”
Ms Haigh’s predecessor Mark Harper repeatedly called for an end to the rail industry relying on staff volunteering to work on rest days.
This has been a key issue in disputes between unions and train operators.
Labour has pledged to bring all train services in England into public ownership as contracts expire.