Friday, November 22, 2024

A ‘history-changing’ discovery: 3,000-year-old ship containing wine jugs found 56 miles off the Israeli coast by underwater robots shows ancient seafarers were more daring than previously thought

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An ancient ship containing hundreds of stunningly-preserved wine jugs has been found on the floor of the Mediterranean. 

The 40-foot vessel, found 1 mile deep on the seafloor 56 miles from Israel’s coast, dates back 3,300 years to the late Bronze Age, experts say. 

It’s thought to be the oldest ship found this deep in the Med, as previous shipwrecks from this era never ventured this far away from land. 

This suggests ancient seafarers were more capable at navigating the deep seas than historians previously thought. 

The ship likely sunk either from a storm or after coming under attack by pirates, the discoverers believe. 

The 40-foot vessel, found 1 mile deep on the seafloor 56 miles from Israel’s coast, dates back 3,300 years to the late Bronze Age, experts say. Here, researchers check jugs that were discovered in the wreck – more than a mile deep on the bed of the Mediterranean 

The ship's cargo was hundreds of intact amphorae - the ancient vessel form used as a storage jar for wine, oil and fruit

The ship’s cargo was hundreds of intact amphorae – the ancient vessel form used as a storage jar for wine, oil and fruit 

Jacob Sharvit, head of the Israel Antiquities Authority’s marine unit, called it ‘a world-class history-changing discovery’.

‘The ship seems to have sunk in crisis, either due to a storm or to an attempted piracy attack – a well-known occurrence in the Late Bronze Age,’ he said. 

Although its exact location is undisclosed, the experts said the shipwreck is on the seafloor around 56 miles (90km) from Israeli land. 

The ship itself is staying underwater at least for now, but marine technicians have managed to extract its jugs ‘with minimal risk of damage to the entire assemblage’. 

The jugs are amphora – a style of storage vessel typical of the ancient world with a large oval body, narrow cylindrical neck and two handles, used for carrying oil, wine and fruit. 

Although its exact location is undisclosed, the experts said the shipwreck is on the seafloor around 56 miles (90km) from Israeli land

Although its exact location is undisclosed, the experts said the shipwreck is on the seafloor around 56 miles (90km) from Israeli land

researchers checking artefacts that were discovered in a wreck more than a mile deep on the bed of the Mediterranean Sea by London-listed energy firm Energean

researchers checking artefacts that were discovered in a wreck more than a mile deep on the bed of the Mediterranean Sea by London-listed energy firm Energean

The contents were identified as Late Bronze Age storage vessels by the Israel Antiquities Authority

The contents were identified as Late Bronze Age storage vessels by the Israel Antiquities Authority

The late Bronze Age ship itself is staying underwater at least for now although the contents have been brought to land

The late Bronze Age ship itself is staying underwater at least for now although the contents have been brought to land 

‘The muddy bottom conceals a second layer of vessels, and it seems that wooden beams of the ship are also buried within the mud,’ said Sharvit. 

The fact that the ship was so far out to sea suggests navigation abilities of ancient seafarers were more advanced than previously thought. 

They would have been capable of traversing the Mediterranean without a ‘line of sight’ to any coast, instead of being forced to stay close to land where they could more easily return home. 

‘From this geographical point, only the horizon is visible all around,’ said Sharvit. 

‘To navigate they probably used the celestial bodies, by taking sightings and angles of the sun and star positions.’ 

Two similar ships from the same era had been discovered previously in the Mediterranean, but only close to shore. 

The ship itself is staying underwater at least for now, but marine technicians have managed to extract its jugs 'with minimal risk of damage to the entire assemblage'

The ship itself is staying underwater at least for now, but marine technicians have managed to extract its jugs ‘with minimal risk of damage to the entire assemblage’

This is both the first and the oldest ship found in the Eastern Mediterranean deep sea, ninety kilometers from the nearest shore

This is both the first and the oldest ship found in the Eastern Mediterranean deep sea, ninety kilometers from the nearest shore

The ‘ground-breaking discovery’ was unexpectedly made last year by Energean, a London-based natural gas firm during routine scans of the seafloor using robots – but only now are experts detailing the findings. 

‘As part of our ongoing activity to discover and extract natural gas from the deep sea, we conduct surveys that check different parameters, using an advanced submersible robot to scour the seafloor,’ said Dr Karnit Bahartan at Energean.

‘About a year ago, during a survey, we saw the unusual sight of what seemed to be a large pile of jugs heaped on the seafloor.

‘We are in ongoing contact with the Israel Antiquities Authority, and when we sent them the images it turned out to be a sensational discovery, far beyond what we could imagine.’ 

BRONZE AGE BRITAIN: A PERIOD OF TOOLS, POTS AND WEAPONS LASTING NEARLY 1,500 YEARS

The Bronze Age in Britain began around 2,500 BC and lasted for nearly 1,500 years.

It was a time when sophisticated bronze tools, pots and weapons were brought over from continental Europe.

Skulls uncovered from this period are vastly different from Stone Age skulls, which suggests this period of migration brought new ideas and new blood from overseas. 

Bronze is made from 10 per cent tin and 90 per cent copper, both of which were in abundance at the time.

Crete appears to be a centre of expansion for the bronze trade in Europe and weapons first came over from the Mycenaeans in southern Russia.

It is widely believed bronze first came to Britain with the Beaker people who lived about 4,500 years ago in the temperate zones of Europe.

They received their name from their distinctive bell-shaped beakers, decorated in horizontal zones by finely toothed stamps.

The decorated pots are almost ubiquitous across Europe, and could have been used as drinking vessels or ceremonious urns.

Believed to be originally from Spain, the Beaker folk soon spread into central and western Europe in their search for metals.

Textile production was also under way at the time and people wore wrap-around skirts, tunics and cloaks. Men were generally clean-shaven and had long hair.

The dead were cremated or buried in small cemeteries near settlements.

This period was followed by the Iron Age which started around 650 BC and finished around 43 AD.

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